Trailblazers of science in the São Paulo territory: exploratory expeditions and the settlement of the São Paulo 'sertão' at the turn of the twentieth century

摘要

Founded in 1886, the São Paulo Geographic and Geological Commission took part in cartographic studies and surveys of the region's natural resources that were essential to the economic exploitation of these resources and to agricultural, industrial, and urban settlement. Science and technology played a decisive role in this process, where research institutions -especially those in applied research - acted as intermediaries between science and society. The Commission's work made it possible to set up a communication network, including river and rail, both during and after the surveys, as new frontiers were being opened and settled.